Campbell-scientific CR3000 Micrologger Manual de usuario Pagina 197
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Section 7. Installation
197
Standard Deviation of Direction
Figure 61: Standard Deviation of Direction
The Taylor Series for the Cosine function, truncated after 2 terms is:
For deviations less than 40 degrees, the error in this approximation is less than
1%. At deviations of 60 degrees, the error is 10%.
The speed sample can be expressed as the deviation about the mean speed,
Equating the two expressions for Cos (') and using the previous equation for s
i
;
Solving for (
i
')
2
, one obtains;
Summing (
i
')
2
over N samples and dividing by N yields the variance of u.
Note The sum of the last term equals 0.
The term,
is 0 if the deviations in speed are not correlated with the deviation in direction.
This assumption has been verified in tests on wind data by Campbell Scientific;
the Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Idaho Falls, ID; and MERDI, Butte, MT.
In these tests, the maximum differences in
- CR3000 Measurement and 1
- Control System 1
- Warranty 3
- Assistance 5
- Table of Contents 7
- List of Figures 19
- List of Tables 21
- List of CRBasic Examples 24
- Section 1. Introduction 27
- 4.1.1.1 Sensors 33
- 4.1.1.2 Datalogger 33
- 4.1.1.3 Data Retrieval 33
- 4.1.2.1 Wiring Panel 34
- 4.1.2.2 Power Supply 35
- 4.1.2.3 Backup Battery 35
- 4.1.3 Sensors 36
- 4.1.3.2 Bridge Sensors 37
- 4.1.3.3 Pulse Sensors 39
- 4.1.3.4 RS-232 Sensors 41
- 4.1.4 Digital I/O Ports 42
- 4.1.5 SDM Channels 43
- 4.2.1 What You Will Need 43
- 4.2.2 Hardware Setup 44
- 4.2.3 PC200W Software Setup 45
- Section 5. System Overview 57
- 5.1 CR3000 Datalogger 58
- 5.1.1 Clock 59
- 5.1.2 Sensor Support 59
- 5.1.3 CR3000 Wiring Panel 60
- 5.1.3.3 Grounding Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.4 Power Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.5 Communications Ports 63
- 5.1.4 Power Requirements 64
- 5.1.5 Programming 65
- (p. 335) 66
- (p. 529) ) 66
- (p. 564) ) 66
- 5.1.7 Data Retrieval 67
- 5.1.8 Communications 68
- 5.1.8.2 Modbus 69
- 5.1.8.3 DNP3 Communication 69
- 5.1.8.4 Keyboard Display 69
- 5.1.9 Security 70
- 5.1.9.1 Vulnerabilities 71
- 5.1.9.2 Pass-code Lockout 72
- 5.1.9.3 Passwords 73
- 5.1.9.4 File Encryption 74
- 5.1.10 Maintenance 75
- 5.1.10.3 Calibration 76
- 5.1.10.4 Internal Battery 76
- formoreinformation. 79
- Section 7. Installation 81
- 7.4 Power Sources 82
- 7.4.3 Power Supplies 83
- 7.4.3.2 Internal Batteries 84
- (p. 567) 85
- (p. 87) lists the 86
- (p. 438) 86
- (p. 88) 86
- (p. 87) 86
- (p. 567) ) will 88
- (p. 82) 89
- (p. 89) 89
- (p. 333) 89
- to understand 90
- (p. 89). Voltage on a 91
- 7.5 Grounding 92
- 7.5.1.1 Lightning Protection 93
- (p. 92), use of a simple 94
- (p. 94) shows a simple 94
- 7.6 CR3000 Configuration 97
- (p. 100) ) lists 99
- (p. 100), when the 99
- command. Beginning 100
- 7.6.3 Settings 101
- (p. 70) 104
- (p. 106), the 104
- 7.6.3.2 Settings via CRBasic 108
- 7.6.3.3 Durable Settings 108
- Section 7. Installation 110
- 7.6.3.5 Network Planner 112
- 7.7 Programming 114
- 7.7.2 Sending Programs 115
- 7.7.3 Syntax 117
- 7.7.3.3 Command Line 119
- (p. 122) shows 121
- (p. 241) 123
- Table 12. Data Types 124
- (p. 126) shows an example 126
- (p. 127) 127
- (p. 192) 127
- (p. 445) ) 127
- (p. 206) ) 129
- 7.7.3.5 Declared Sequences 130
- (p. 132). The data file 131
- (p. 131) 131
- (p. 132) 131
- (p. 153) for a list 132
- (p. 132), data 132
- (p. 136) ) 133
- (p.419)). 134
- (p. 279) 135
- (p. 138) 138
- 2. Background calibration 139
- 4. Processing tasks 139
- 7.7.3.7 Execution Timing 140
- (p. 141): 141
- (p. 141), the scan is 142
- (p. 295) 142
- 7.7.3.8 Instructions 144
- (p. 145) 145
- 7.7.3.9 Expressions 147
- (p. 155) 148
- (p. 155) shows 148
- (p. 151) demonstrate 151
- (p. 152) demonstrates 152
- 7.7.4 Tips 155
- 7.8.1.1 CAL Files 156
- 7.8.1.2 CRBasic Programming 156
- (p. 164) and Two Point 158
- (p. 456) menu commands to 158
- (p. 160) to the 159
- (p. 161) 161
- (p. 163) to the 163
- (p. 165) to the CR3000 164
- (p. 166) to 166
- (p. 456) menu to delete 168
- (p. 169) as a program to 168
- (p. 169) sent to the 170
- (p. 170), keep the 249-k 170
- (p. 171) 170
- 7.8.2 Information Services 171
- (p. 569) 172
- (p. 173), this page 172
- (p. 174) 173
- CRBasicExample32. HTML 175
- 7.8.2.4 FTP Server 176
- 7.8.2.5 FTP Client 176
- 7.8.2.6 Telnet 176
- 7.8.2.7 SNMP 176
- 7.8.2.8 Ping 176
- 7.8.3 SDI-12 Sensor Support 177
- (p. 178) 178
- (p. 183) summarizes CR3000 183
- (p. 211) 188
- (p. 190) 189
- 7.8.4 Subroutines 192
- 7.8.5 Wind Vector 193
- (p. 197) ) that 196
- 7.8.6 Custom Menus 198
- (p. 201) 199
- (p. 199) through Custom 201
- 7.8.8 Serial I/O 205
- 7.8.8.1 Introduction 206
- 7.8.8.2 I/O Ports 207
- 7.8.8.3 Protocols 207
- 7.8.8.4 Glossary of Terms 208
- 7.8.8.5 CRBasic Programming 209
- (p. 211) ). Data may be 213
- 7.8.8.6 Testing Applications 216
- (p. 220) imports 220
- (p. 404 220
- 7.8.8.7 Q & A 225
- Processing 227
- 7.8.10 NSEC Data Type 228
- 7.8.10.1 NSEC Options 229
- 7.8.11 Bool8 Data Type 232
- (p. 450) of 236
- (p. 237), summarizes the 236
- (p. 458) ). The CR3000 236
- 7.8.13 String Operations 241
- 7.8.13.1 String Operators 242
- 7.8.14 Data Tables 245
- (p. 60) ) 246
- 7.8.16 Program Signatures 247
- (p. 252) demonstrates: 252
- 7.8.17.5 Scaling Array 255
- 7.8.17.6 Conditional Output 256
- 7.8.17.7 Capturing Events 257
- 7.8.18 PRT Measurement 258
- (p. 264) for wiring diagram 264
- 0.50 V > (V 265
- * 115.54)/(9900+115.54) 265
- < 4.33 V 265
- 7.8.19 Running Average 271
- Section 8. Operation 279
- 8.1.2 Voltage 280
- 8.1.2.1 Input Limits 281
- 8.1.2.2 Reducing Error 282
- 8.1.2.3 Measurement Sequence 283
- 8.1.2.4 Measurement Accuracy 284
- 8.1.2.5 Voltage Range 286
- (p. 286) ) 287
- 8.1.2.7 Integration 289
- (p. 290) and 290
- (p. 290) 290
- 8.1.2.8 Signal Settling Time 291
- (p. 292), and are 292
- (p. 114) 293
- Section 8. Operation 294
- 8.1.2.9 Self-Calibration 295
- (p. 296) 296
- (p. 563) 300
- (p. 300) and Resistive 300
- 8.1.3.1 ac Excitation 303
- 8.1.3.3 Strain Calculations 305
- 8.1.4 Thermocouple 306
- 8.1.4.1 Error Analysis 307
- (p. 309). In 308
- (p. 310) shows the errors 308
- (p. 310) 308
- (p. 313) 312
- (p. 315) and Reference 316
- (p. 307) show that the 317
- 8.1.5 Pulse 318
- (p. 562) for information 321
- (p. 323) 322
- (p. 323) 322
- (p. 327) 322
- (p. 323), digital 323
- Scan Rising Edge / Scan E 324
- 5.0 50 50 324
- 0.5 5 5 324
- 0.05 0.5 1 324
- (p. 325) 325
- (p. 40) ). To avoid over 326
- (p. 326) lists low-level ac 326
- (p. 326) footnote 326
- 8.1.6 Period Averaging 327
- 8.1.7 SDI-12 Recording 328
- 8.1.8 RS-232 and TTL 329
- 8.1.9 Field Calibration 329
- 8.1.10 Cabling Effects 329
- 8.1.10.3 Pulse Sensors 330
- 8.1.10.4 RS-232 Sensors 330
- 8.1.10.5 SDI-12 Sensors 330
- , www.campbellsci.com, or 332
- 8.2.4 Control Outputs 333
- (p. 334) 334
- 8.2.6 TIMs 335
- 8.2.7 Vibrating Wire 335
- 8.2.8 Low-level ac 335
- 8.3.1 Storage Media 335
- Table 79. CR3000 SRAM Memory 337
- 8.3.1.1 Data Storage 338
- (p. 352) for 340
- (p.473) 342
- format. 343
- 8.3.2 Memory Conservation 344
- 8.3.3 Memory Reset 345
- 8.3.4 File Management 346
- 8.3.4.1 File Attributes 347
- 8.3.4.2 Data Preservation 348
- (p. 456) command 349
- (p. 350) 350
- (p. 458) or 350
- 8.3.5 File Names 352
- 8.3.6 File System Errors 352
- 8.3.7 Memory Q & A 353
- (p. 354) lists 354
- 8.4.2 Protocols 355
- 8.5 PakBus Overview 356
- for a table of available 357
- (p. 356) ): 358
- 8.5.3.4 Neighbor Lists 359
- 8.5.3.5 Adjusting Links 359
- 8.5.4 PakBus Troubleshooting 360
- 8.5.4.2 Ping 361
- 8.5.4.3 Traffic Flow 361
- 8.5.6 PakBus LAN Example 362
- 8.5.6.2 LAN Setup 363
- 8.5.6.3 LoggerNet Setup 366
- (p. 367), set the 367
- 8.5.7 PakBus Encryption 368
- 8.6.1 DNP3 369
- (p.371), 370
- (p.371),line24. 370
- (p. 371), program the 371
- 8.6.2 Modbus 372
- (p. 374) shows the 374
- 8.6.2.4 Troubleshooting 375
- 8.6.2.5 Modbus over IP 376
- 8.6.2.6 Modbus tidBytes 376
- 8.6.3 Web Service API 377
- 8.6.3.2 Command Syntax 378
- (p. 380) 379
- 8.6.3.3 Time Syntax 380
- 8.6.3.4 Data Management 380
- section 381
- (p. 380) section) 385
- (p. 380) for 385
- (p. 380) for format 385
- XML Response 387
- 8.6.3.5 Control 390
- 8.6.3.6 Clock Functions 392
- 8.6.3.7 Files Management 396
- (p. 76) Connect screen 397
- HTML page source: 401
- 8.7 Support Software 404
- 8.8.1 Data Display 407
- 8.8.1.2 Real-Time Custom 408
- Figure 124: Real-time custom 409
- 8.8.1.3 Final-Storage Tables 410
- 8.8.2 Run/Stop Program 411
- 8.8.3 File Display 412
- Figure 128: File: edit 413
- 8.8.5 Ports and Status 414
- 8.8.6 Settings 415
- 8.8.7 Configure Display 416
- Small program 2,600 1,113 418
- Large program 32,157 7,085 418
- (p. 76), the 419
- Section 9. Maintenance 421
- Manufacturer Tadiran 422
- Model TL-5902S (3.6 V) 422
- Capacity 1.2 Ah 422
- 9.3 Repair 424
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 427
- 10.3.1.1 CompileResults 428
- 10.3.1.2 SkippedScan 429
- 10.3.1.3 SkippedSlowScan 429
- 10.3.1.4 SkippedRecord 429
- 10.3.1.5 ProgErrors 430
- 10.3.1.6 MemoryFree 430
- 10.3.1.7 VarOutOfBounds 430
- 10.3.1.8 WatchdogErrors 430
- 10.3.4 NAN and ±INF 432
- 10.4 Communications 435
- 10.4.3.2 CommsMemFree(2) 437
- 10.4.3.3 CommsMemFree(3) 437
- 10.5 Power Supplies 438
- 10.5.3.1 Battery Test 439
- 12V terminal and a G 441
- OFF and allow 441
- (p. 3) 442
- 443
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 444
- 10.6 Terminal Emulator 445
- (p. 446) 446
- Section 11. Glossary 449
- (p.461) 450
- (p.451). 451
- (p.470). 452
- (p. 76) 456
- (p.542). 458
- (p.171)and 459
- (p. 569) ) to 460
- (p.463). 461
- (p.97)software.Themost 462
- Battery(BattV) 463
- (p.473). 464
- (p.464). 464
- (p.76).TheSend 467
- (p.76).A 470
- (p.571).Software 470
- (p.449)). 470
- (p.466). 470
- (p.452). 470
- 11.2 Concepts 473
- (p. 473) shows 474
- Instructions 475
- (p.171). 476
- A.2 Data-Table Declarations 477
- A.2.2 Data Destinations 478
- A.2.3.1 Single-Source 479
- A.2.3.2 Multiple-Source 480
- (p. 193) 481
- A.5 Measurement Instructions 485
- A.5.2 Voltage 486
- A.5.3 Thermocouples 486
- A.5.5 Excitation 487
- A.5.6 Pulse and Frequency 488
- A.5.7 Digital I/O 488
- A.5.8 SDI-12 489
- A.5.9 Specific Sensors 490
- A.6.1 Mathematical Operators 495
- A.6.2 Arithmetic Operators 495
- A.6.3 Bitwise Operators 496
- A.6.5 Logical Operators 497
- A.6.6.1 Derived Functions 498
- A.6.6.2 Intrinsic Functions 499
- A.6.7 Arithmetic Functions 500
- A.6.8 Integrated Processing 502
- A.6.9 Spatial Processing 502
- A.6.10 Other Functions 503
- A.6.10.1 Histograms 504
- A.7 String Functions 505
- A.8 Clock Functions 508
- A.9 Voice-Modem Instructions 509
- A.11 Serial Input / Output 512
- Broadcast(ComPort, Message) 514
- A.13 Variable Management 517
- A.14 File Management 518
- A.16 Information Services 521
- A.17 Modem Control 524
- A.18 SCADA 524
- A.19 Calibration Functions 525
- A.20 Satellite Systems 526
- A.20.2 GOES 527
- A.20.3 OMNISAT 527
- A.21 User Defined Functions 528
- (p. 97) 529
- (p. 437) (see 530
- (p. 437) ) 530
- (p. 437) 537
- Table 125. CR3000 Settings 542
- C.2.1 Pin-Out 551
- C.2.2 Power States 552
- Connections* 553
- Appendix E. FP2 Data Format 559
- Products 561
- F.2 Sensor Input Modules 562
- F.3 Cameras 564
- F.4 Control Output Modules 565
- F.5 Dataloggers 565
- F.6 Power Supplies 566
- F.6.2 Batteries 567
- F.6.3 Battery Bases 567
- F.6.4 Regulators 567
- F.7 Enclosures 568
- F.8.1 Keyboard Display 569
- F.8.3 Ethernet Link Devices 569
- F.9 Data Storage Devices 570
- F.10.1 Starter Software 571
- F.10.2.1 LoggerNet Suite 572
- F.10.3 Software Tools 573
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