Campbell-scientific CR1000 Measurement and Control System Manual de usuario Pagina 264
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- Tabla de contenidos
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Valorado. / 5. Basado en revisión del cliente
Section 7. Installation
264
where X
N
is the most recent value of the source variable and X
N-1
is the previous
value (X
1
is the oldest value included in the average, i.e., N-1 values back from
the most recent). NANs are ignored in the processing of AvgRun() unless all
values in the population are NAN.
AvgRun() uses high-precision math, so a 32-bit extension of the mantissa is saved
and used internally resulting in 56 bits of precision.
Note This instruction should not normally be inserted within a For/Next
construct with the Source and Destination parameters indexed and Reps set to 1.
Doing so will perform a single running average, using the values of the different
elements of the array, instead of performing an independent running average on
each element of the array. The results will be a running average of a spatial
average of the various source array elements.
A running average is a digital low-pass filter; its output is attenuated as a function
of frequency, and its output is delayed in time. The amounts of attenuation and
phase shift (time delay) depend on the frequency of the input signal and the time
length (which is related to the number of points) of the running average.
Figure Running-Average Frequency Response (p. 265) is a graph of signal
attenuation plotted against signal frequency normalized to 1/(running average
duration). The signal is attenuated by a synchronizing filter with an order of 1
(simple averaging): Sin(πX) / (πX), where X is the ratio of the input signal
frequency to the running-average frequency (running-average frequency = 1 /
time length of the running average).
Example:
Scanperiod=1ms,
Nvalue=4(numberofpointstoaverage),
Running‐averageduration=4ms
Running‐averagefrequency=1/(running‐averageduration=250Hz)
Input‐signalfrequency=100Hz
Inputfrequencytorunningaverage(normalizedfrequency)=10
0/250
=0.4
Sin(0.4π)/(0.4π)=0.757(orreadfromfigureRunning‐Average
FrequencyResponse
(p.265),wheretheXaxisis0.4)
Fora100‐HzinputsignalwithanAmplitudeof10‐Vpeaktopeak,a
runningaverageoutputsa100‐Hzsignalwithanamplitudeof7.57‐V
peaktopeak.
There is also a phase shift, or delay, in the AvgRun() output. The formula for
calculating the delay, in number of samples, is:
Delayinsamples=(N‐1)/2
- CR1000 Measurement and 1
- Control System 1
- Warranty 3
- Assistance 5
- Table of Contents 7
- List of Figures 19
- List of Tables 21
- List of CRBasic Examples 24
- Section 1. Introduction 27
- 4.1.1.1 Sensors 33
- 4.1.1.2 Datalogger 33
- 4.1.1.3 Data Retrieval 33
- 4.1.2.1 Wiring Panel 34
- 4.1.2.2 Power Supply 35
- 4.1.2.3 Backup Battery 35
- 4.1.3 Sensors 36
- 4.1.3.2 Bridge Sensors 37
- 4.1.3.3 Pulse Sensors 38
- 4.1.3.4 RS-232 Sensors 40
- 4.1.4 Digital I/O Ports 41
- 4.1.5 SDM Channels 42
- 4.2.1 What You Will Need 43
- 4.2.2 Hardware Setup 43
- 4.2.3 PC200W Software Setup 44
- Section 5. System Overview 57
- 5.1 CR1000 Datalogger 58
- 5.1.1 Clock 59
- 5.1.2 Sensor Support 59
- 5.1.3 CR1000 Wiring Panel 60
- 5.1.3.2 Voltage Outputs 61
- 5.1.3.3 Grounding Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.4 Power Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.5 Communications Ports 63
- 5.1.5 Power Requirements 64
- 5.1.6 Programming 65
- 5.1.6.2 User Programming 66
- 5.1.8 Data Retrieval 67
- 5.1.9 Communications 68
- 5.1.9.1 PakBus 69
- 5.1.9.2 Modbus 69
- 5.1.9.3 DNP3 Communication 69
- 5.1.10 Security 70
- 5.1.10.1 Vulnerabilities 71
- 5.1.10.2 Pass-code Lockout 72
- 5.1.10.3 Passwords 74
- 5.1.10.4 File Encryption 75
- 5.1.10.6 Hiding Files 75
- 5.1.10.7 Signatures 75
- 5.1.11 Maintenance 76
- (p. 569) 77
- formoreinformation. 79
- Section 7. Installation 81
- 7.4 Power Sources 82
- 7.4.3 Power Supplies 83
- (p. 82) 84
- (p. 84) lists the 84
- (p. 327) 84
- to understand 85
- 7.5 Grounding 86
- 7.5.1.1 Lightning Protection 88
- (p. 89) shows a simple 89
- 7.6 CR1000 Configuration 92
- (p. 95) ) lists 94
- (p. 95), when the 94
- command. Beginning 95
- 7.6.3 Settings 96
- (p. 70) 99
- (p. 101), the 99
- 7.6.3.2 Settings via CRBasic 103
- 7.6.3.3 Durable Settings 103
- (p. 105) 105
- 7.6.3.5 Network Planner 107
- 7.7 Programming 108
- 7.7.1.2 CRBasic Editor 109
- 7.7.2 Sending Programs 110
- 7.7.3 Syntax 112
- Section 7. Installation 113
- 7.7.3.3 Command Line 114
- (p. 117) shows 116
- (p. 236) 118
- Table 10. Data Types 119
- (p. 121) shows an example 121
- (p. 122) 122
- (p. 187) 122
- (p. 442) ) 122
- (p. 201) ) 124
- 7.7.3.5 Declared Sequences 125
- (p. 127). The data file 126
- (p. 126) 126
- (p. 127) 126
- (p. 148) for a list 127
- (p. 127), data 127
- (p. 131) ) 128
- (p.414)). 129
- (p. 273) 130
- (p. 133) 133
- 2. Background calibration 134
- 4. Processing tasks 134
- 7.7.3.7 Execution Timing 135
- (p. 136): 136
- (p. 136), the scan is 137
- (p. 289) 137
- 7.7.3.8 Instructions 139
- (p. 140) 140
- 7.7.3.9 Expressions 142
- (p. 150) 143
- (p. 150) shows 143
- (p. 146) demonstrate 146
- (p. 147) demonstrates 147
- 7.7.4 Tips 150
- 7.8.1.1 CAL Files 151
- 7.8.1.2 CRBasic Programming 151
- (p. 159) and Two Point 153
- (p. 454) menu commands to 153
- (p. 155) to the 154
- (p. 156) 156
- (p. 158) to the 158
- (p. 160) to the CR1000 159
- (p. 161) to 161
- (p. 454) menu to delete 163
- (p. 164) as a program to 163
- (p. 164) sent to the 165
- (p. 165), keep the 249-kΩ 165
- (p. 166) 165
- 7.8.2 Information Services 166
- (p. 567) 167
- (p. 168), this page 167
- (p. 169) 168
- CRBasicExample32. HTML 170
- 7.8.2.4 FTP Server 171
- 7.8.2.5 FTP Client 171
- 7.8.2.6 Telnet 171
- 7.8.2.7 SNMP 171
- 7.8.2.8 Ping 171
- 7.8.3 SDI-12 Sensor Support 172
- (p. 173) 173
- (p. 178) summarizes CR1000 178
- (p. 206) 183
- (p. 185) 184
- 7.8.4 Subroutines 187
- 7.8.5 Wind Vector 188
- (p. 192) ) that 191
- 7.8.6 Custom Menus 193
- (p. 196) 194
- (p. 194) through Custom 196
- 7.8.8 Serial I/O 200
- 7.8.8.1 Introduction 201
- 7.8.8.2 I/O Ports 202
- 7.8.8.3 Protocols 202
- 7.8.8.4 Glossary of Terms 203
- 7.8.8.5 CRBasic Programming 204
- (p. 206) ). Data may be 208
- 7.8.8.6 Testing Applications 211
- (p. 215) imports 215
- (p. 399 215
- 7.8.8.7 Q & A 220
- Processing 222
- 7.8.10 NSEC Data Type 223
- 7.8.10.1 NSEC Options 224
- 7.8.11 Bool8 Data Type 227
- (p. 456) ). The CR1000 231
- (p. 448) of 231
- (p. 232), summarizes the 231
- 7.8.13 String Operations 236
- 7.8.13.1 String Operators 237
- 7.8.14 Data Tables 240
- (p. 60) ) 241
- 7.8.16 Program Signatures 242
- (p. 247) demonstrates: 247
- 7.8.17.5 Scaling Array 250
- 7.8.17.6 Conditional Output 251
- 7.8.17.7 Capturing Events 252
- 7.8.18 PRT Measurement 253
- (p. 259) for wiring diagram 259
- 0.025 V > (V 260
- * 115.54)/(9900+115.54) 260
- < 2.16 V 260
- 7.8.19 Running Average 263
- EndTable 267
- Section 8. Operation 273
- 8.1.2 Voltage 274
- 8.1.2.1 Input Limits 275
- 8.1.2.2 Reducing Error 276
- 8.1.2.3 Measurement Sequence 277
- 8.1.2.4 Measurement Accuracy 278
- (p.279)illustrates 279
- 8.1.2.5 Voltage Range 280
- (p. 280) ) 281
- 8.1.2.7 Integration 283
- (p. 284) and 284
- (p. 285) 285
- 8.1.2.8 Signal Settling Time 286
- (p. 108) 288
- 8.1.2.9 Self-Calibration 289
- COUNTS = G * Vin + B 290
- (p. 291) 291
- Section 8. Operation 292
- (p. 561) 295
- 8.1.3.1 ac Excitation 297
- (p. 91) 298
- 8.1.3.3 Strain Calculations 300
- 8.1.4 Thermocouple 301
- 8.1.4.1 Error Analysis 302
- (p. 304) shows the errors 303
- (p. 304) 303
- (p. 307) 306
- (p. 309) and Reference 310
- (p. 302) show that the 311
- 8.1.5 Pulse 312
- (p. 560) for information 315
- (p. 318) 316
- (p. 317) 316
- (p. 322) 316
- (p. 318), digital 317
- (p. 319) lists 319
- (p. 321) footnote 321
- 8.1.6 Period Averaging 322
- 8.1.7 SDI-12 Recording 323
- 8.1.8 RS-232 and TTL 323
- 8.1.9 Field Calibration 324
- 8.1.10 Cabling Effects 324
- 8.1.10.3 RS-232 Sensors 325
- 8.1.10.4 SDI-12 Sensors 325
- 8.2.4 Control Outputs 327
- (p. 329) 328
- 8.2.6 TIMs 329
- 8.2.7 Vibrating Wire 330
- 8.2.8 Low-level ac 330
- 8.3.1 Storage Media 330
- Table 76. CR1000 SRAM Memory 331
- 8.3.1.1 Data Storage 332
- (p.471) 337
- format. 337
- 8.3.2 Memory Conservation 339
- 8.3.3 Memory Reset 339
- 8.3.4 File Management 340
- 8.3.4.1 File Attributes 342
- 8.3.4.2 Data Preservation 343
- (p. 454) command 344
- (p. 345) 345
- (p. 456) or 345
- 8.3.5 File Names 347
- 8.3.6 File System Errors 347
- 8.3.7 Memory Q & A 348
- (p. 349) lists 349
- 8.4.2 Protocols 350
- 8.5 PakBus Overview 351
- for a table of available 352
- (p. 351) ): 353
- 8.5.4 PakBus Troubleshooting 355
- 8.5.4.2 Ping 356
- 8.5.4.3 Traffic Flow 356
- 8.5.6 PakBus LAN Example 357
- 8.5.6.2 LAN Setup 358
- 8.5.6.3 LoggerNet Setup 361
- (p. 362), set the 362
- 8.5.7 PakBus Encryption 363
- 8.6.1 DNP3 364
- (p.366), 365
- (p.366),line24. 365
- (p. 366), program the 366
- 8.6.2 Modbus 367
- 8.6.2.2 Terminology 368
- (p. 369) shows the 369
- 8.6.2.4 Troubleshooting 370
- 8.6.2.5 Modbus over IP 371
- 8.6.2.6 Modbus tidBytes 371
- 8.6.3 Web Service API 372
- 8.6.3.2 Command Syntax 373
- (p. 375) 374
- 8.6.3.3 Time Syntax 375
- 8.6.3.4 Data Management 375
- section 376
- (p. 375) section) 380
- (p. 375) for 380
- (p. 375) for format 380
- XML Response 382
- 8.6.3.5 Control 385
- 8.6.3.6 Clock Functions 387
- 8.6.3.7 Files Management 391
- (p. 77) Connect screen 392
- HTML page source: 396
- 8.7 Support Software 399
- 8.8.1 Data Display 402
- 8.8.1.2 Real-Time Custom 403
- Figure 121: Real-time custom 404
- 8.8.1.3 Final-Storage Tables 405
- 8.8.2 Run/Stop Program 406
- 8.8.3 File Display 407
- Figure 125: File: edit 408
- 8.8.5 Ports and Status 409
- 8.8.6 Settings 410
- 8.8.7 Configure Display 411
- Small program 2,600 1,113 413
- Large program 32,157 7,085 413
- (p. 77), the 414
- Section 9. Maintenance 417
- Manufacturer Tadiran 418
- Model TL-5902S (3.6 V) 418
- Capacity 1.2 Ah 418
- 9.3 Repair 420
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 423
- 10.3.1.1 CompileResults 424
- 10.3.1.2 SkippedScan 425
- 10.3.1.3 SkippedSlowScan 425
- 10.3.1.4 SkippedRecord 425
- 10.3.1.5 ProgErrors 426
- 10.3.1.6 MemoryFree 426
- 10.3.1.7 VarOutOfBounds 426
- 10.3.1.8 WatchdogErrors 426
- 10.3.4 NAN and ±INF 428
- 10.4 Communications 431
- 10.4.3 Comms Memory Errors 432
- 10.4.3.2 CommsMemFree(2) 433
- 10.4.3.3 CommsMemFree(3) 434
- 10.5 Power Supplies 435
- 10.5.3.1 Battery Test 436
- 12V terminal and a G 438
- OFF and allow 438
- (p. 3) 439
- 440
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 441
- 10.6 Terminal Emulator 442
- (p. 443) 443
- Section 11. Glossary 447
- (p.459) 448
- (p.450). 449
- (p.468). 450
- (p.567). 450
- (p.450) 451
- (p.77)andtheappendix 451
- (p.569). 451
- (p.470). 452
- (p. 77) 454
- (p.540). 456
- (p.166)and 457
- (p. 567) ) to 458
- (p.461). 459
- (p.92)software.Themost 460
- Battery(BattV) 461
- (p.471). 462
- (p.462). 462
- (p.77).TheSend 465
- (p.77).A 468
- (p.569).Software 468
- (p.447)). 468
- (p.464). 468
- 11.2 Concepts 471
- (p. 471) shows 472
- Instructions 473
- (p.166). 474
- A.2 Data-Table Declarations 475
- A.2.2 Data Destinations 476
- A.2.3.1 Single-Source 477
- A.2.3.2 Multiple-Source 478
- (p. 188) 479
- A.5 Measurement Instructions 483
- A.5.2 Voltage 484
- A.5.3 Thermocouples 484
- A.5.5 Excitation 485
- A.5.6 Pulse and Frequency 485
- A.5.7 Digital I/O 486
- A.5.8 SDI-12 487
- A.5.9 Specific Sensors 487
- (p.563). 492
- A.6.1 Mathematical Operators 493
- A.6.2 Arithmetic Operators 493
- A.6.3 Bitwise Operators 493
- (p. 494) 494
- A.6.5 Logical Operators 495
- A.6.6.1 Derived Functions 496
- A.6.6.2 Intrinsic Functions 496
- A.6.7 Arithmetic Functions 497
- A.6.8 Integrated Processing 499
- A.6.9 Spatial Processing 500
- A.6.10 Other Functions 501
- A.7 String Functions 502
- A.7.2 String Commands 503
- A.8 Clock Functions 505
- A.9 Voice-Modem Instructions 507
- A.11 Serial Input / Output 509
- Broadcast(ComPort, Message) 511
- A.13 Variable Management 514
- A.14 File Management 515
- A.16 Information Services 518
- A.17 Modem Control 521
- A.18 SCADA 521
- A.19 Calibration Functions 522
- A.20 Satellite Systems 523
- A.20.2 GOES 524
- A.20.3 OMNISAT 524
- A.21 User Defined Functions 525
- (p. 92) 527
- (p. 433) (see 528
- (p. 433) ) 528
- (p. 433) 535
- Table 122. CR1000 Settings 540
- C.2.1 Pin-Out 549
- C.2.2 Power States 550
- Connections* 551
- Appendix E. FP2 Data Format 557
- Products 559
- F.2 Sensor Input Modules 560
- F.3 Cameras 562
- F.4 Control Output Modules 563
- F.5 Dataloggers 563
- F.6 Power Supplies 564
- F.6.2 Batteries 565
- F.6.3 Battery Bases 565
- F.6.4 Regulators 565
- F.7 Enclosures 566
- F.8.1 Keyboard Display 567
- F.8.3 Ethernet Link Devices 567
- F.9 Data Storage Devices 568
- F.10.1 Starter Software 569
- F.10.2.1 LoggerNet Suite 570
- F.10.3 Software Tools 571
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