Campbell-scientific CR1000 Measurement and Control System Manual de usuario Pagina 192
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Section 7. Installation
192
Standard Deviation of Direction
Figure 59: Standard Deviation of Direction
The Taylor Series for the Cosine function, truncated after 2 terms is:
For deviations less than 40 degrees, the error in this approximation is less than
1%. At deviations of 60 degrees, the error is 10%.
The speed sample can be expressed as the deviation about the mean speed,
Equating the two expressions for Cos (θ') and using the previous equation for s
i
;
Solving for (Θ
i
')
2
, one obtains;
Summing (Θ
i
')
2
over N samples and dividing by N yields the variance of Θu.
Note The sum of the last term equals 0.
The term,
is 0 if the deviations in speed are not correlated with the deviation in direction.
This assumption has been verified in tests on wind data by Campbell Scientific;
the Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, Idaho Falls, ID; and MERDI, Butte, MT.
In these tests, the maximum differences in
- CR1000 Measurement and 1
- Control System 1
- Warranty 3
- Assistance 5
- Table of Contents 7
- List of Figures 19
- List of Tables 21
- List of CRBasic Examples 24
- Section 1. Introduction 27
- 4.1.1.1 Sensors 33
- 4.1.1.2 Datalogger 33
- 4.1.1.3 Data Retrieval 33
- 4.1.2.1 Wiring Panel 34
- 4.1.2.2 Power Supply 35
- 4.1.2.3 Backup Battery 35
- 4.1.3 Sensors 36
- 4.1.3.2 Bridge Sensors 37
- 4.1.3.3 Pulse Sensors 38
- 4.1.3.4 RS-232 Sensors 40
- 4.1.4 Digital I/O Ports 41
- 4.1.5 SDM Channels 42
- 4.2.1 What You Will Need 43
- 4.2.2 Hardware Setup 43
- 4.2.3 PC200W Software Setup 44
- Section 5. System Overview 57
- 5.1 CR1000 Datalogger 58
- 5.1.1 Clock 59
- 5.1.2 Sensor Support 59
- 5.1.3 CR1000 Wiring Panel 60
- 5.1.3.2 Voltage Outputs 61
- 5.1.3.3 Grounding Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.4 Power Terminals 62
- 5.1.3.5 Communications Ports 63
- 5.1.5 Power Requirements 64
- 5.1.6 Programming 65
- 5.1.6.2 User Programming 66
- 5.1.8 Data Retrieval 67
- 5.1.9 Communications 68
- 5.1.9.1 PakBus 69
- 5.1.9.2 Modbus 69
- 5.1.9.3 DNP3 Communication 69
- 5.1.10 Security 70
- 5.1.10.1 Vulnerabilities 71
- 5.1.10.2 Pass-code Lockout 72
- 5.1.10.3 Passwords 74
- 5.1.10.4 File Encryption 75
- 5.1.10.6 Hiding Files 75
- 5.1.10.7 Signatures 75
- 5.1.11 Maintenance 76
- (p. 569) 77
- formoreinformation. 79
- Section 7. Installation 81
- 7.4 Power Sources 82
- 7.4.3 Power Supplies 83
- (p. 82) 84
- (p. 84) lists the 84
- (p. 327) 84
- to understand 85
- 7.5 Grounding 86
- 7.5.1.1 Lightning Protection 88
- (p. 89) shows a simple 89
- 7.6 CR1000 Configuration 92
- (p. 95) ) lists 94
- (p. 95), when the 94
- command. Beginning 95
- 7.6.3 Settings 96
- (p. 70) 99
- (p. 101), the 99
- 7.6.3.2 Settings via CRBasic 103
- 7.6.3.3 Durable Settings 103
- (p. 105) 105
- 7.6.3.5 Network Planner 107
- 7.7 Programming 108
- 7.7.1.2 CRBasic Editor 109
- 7.7.2 Sending Programs 110
- 7.7.3 Syntax 112
- Section 7. Installation 113
- 7.7.3.3 Command Line 114
- (p. 117) shows 116
- (p. 236) 118
- Table 10. Data Types 119
- (p. 121) shows an example 121
- (p. 122) 122
- (p. 187) 122
- (p. 442) ) 122
- (p. 201) ) 124
- 7.7.3.5 Declared Sequences 125
- (p. 127). The data file 126
- (p. 126) 126
- (p. 127) 126
- (p. 148) for a list 127
- (p. 127), data 127
- (p. 131) ) 128
- (p.414)). 129
- (p. 273) 130
- (p. 133) 133
- 2. Background calibration 134
- 4. Processing tasks 134
- 7.7.3.7 Execution Timing 135
- (p. 136): 136
- (p. 136), the scan is 137
- (p. 289) 137
- 7.7.3.8 Instructions 139
- (p. 140) 140
- 7.7.3.9 Expressions 142
- (p. 150) 143
- (p. 150) shows 143
- (p. 146) demonstrate 146
- (p. 147) demonstrates 147
- 7.7.4 Tips 150
- 7.8.1.1 CAL Files 151
- 7.8.1.2 CRBasic Programming 151
- (p. 159) and Two Point 153
- (p. 454) menu commands to 153
- (p. 155) to the 154
- (p. 156) 156
- (p. 158) to the 158
- (p. 160) to the CR1000 159
- (p. 161) to 161
- (p. 454) menu to delete 163
- (p. 164) as a program to 163
- (p. 164) sent to the 165
- (p. 165), keep the 249-kΩ 165
- (p. 166) 165
- 7.8.2 Information Services 166
- (p. 567) 167
- (p. 168), this page 167
- (p. 169) 168
- CRBasicExample32. HTML 170
- 7.8.2.4 FTP Server 171
- 7.8.2.5 FTP Client 171
- 7.8.2.6 Telnet 171
- 7.8.2.7 SNMP 171
- 7.8.2.8 Ping 171
- 7.8.3 SDI-12 Sensor Support 172
- (p. 173) 173
- (p. 178) summarizes CR1000 178
- (p. 206) 183
- (p. 185) 184
- 7.8.4 Subroutines 187
- 7.8.5 Wind Vector 188
- (p. 192) ) that 191
- 7.8.6 Custom Menus 193
- (p. 196) 194
- (p. 194) through Custom 196
- 7.8.8 Serial I/O 200
- 7.8.8.1 Introduction 201
- 7.8.8.2 I/O Ports 202
- 7.8.8.3 Protocols 202
- 7.8.8.4 Glossary of Terms 203
- 7.8.8.5 CRBasic Programming 204
- (p. 206) ). Data may be 208
- 7.8.8.6 Testing Applications 211
- (p. 215) imports 215
- (p. 399 215
- 7.8.8.7 Q & A 220
- Processing 222
- 7.8.10 NSEC Data Type 223
- 7.8.10.1 NSEC Options 224
- 7.8.11 Bool8 Data Type 227
- (p. 456) ). The CR1000 231
- (p. 448) of 231
- (p. 232), summarizes the 231
- 7.8.13 String Operations 236
- 7.8.13.1 String Operators 237
- 7.8.14 Data Tables 240
- (p. 60) ) 241
- 7.8.16 Program Signatures 242
- (p. 247) demonstrates: 247
- 7.8.17.5 Scaling Array 250
- 7.8.17.6 Conditional Output 251
- 7.8.17.7 Capturing Events 252
- 7.8.18 PRT Measurement 253
- (p. 259) for wiring diagram 259
- 0.025 V > (V 260
- * 115.54)/(9900+115.54) 260
- < 2.16 V 260
- 7.8.19 Running Average 263
- EndTable 267
- Section 8. Operation 273
- 8.1.2 Voltage 274
- 8.1.2.1 Input Limits 275
- 8.1.2.2 Reducing Error 276
- 8.1.2.3 Measurement Sequence 277
- 8.1.2.4 Measurement Accuracy 278
- (p.279)illustrates 279
- 8.1.2.5 Voltage Range 280
- (p. 280) ) 281
- 8.1.2.7 Integration 283
- (p. 284) and 284
- (p. 285) 285
- 8.1.2.8 Signal Settling Time 286
- (p. 108) 288
- 8.1.2.9 Self-Calibration 289
- COUNTS = G * Vin + B 290
- (p. 291) 291
- Section 8. Operation 292
- (p. 561) 295
- 8.1.3.1 ac Excitation 297
- (p. 91) 298
- 8.1.3.3 Strain Calculations 300
- 8.1.4 Thermocouple 301
- 8.1.4.1 Error Analysis 302
- (p. 304) shows the errors 303
- (p. 304) 303
- (p. 307) 306
- (p. 309) and Reference 310
- (p. 302) show that the 311
- 8.1.5 Pulse 312
- (p. 560) for information 315
- (p. 318) 316
- (p. 317) 316
- (p. 322) 316
- (p. 318), digital 317
- (p. 319) lists 319
- (p. 321) footnote 321
- 8.1.6 Period Averaging 322
- 8.1.7 SDI-12 Recording 323
- 8.1.8 RS-232 and TTL 323
- 8.1.9 Field Calibration 324
- 8.1.10 Cabling Effects 324
- 8.1.10.3 RS-232 Sensors 325
- 8.1.10.4 SDI-12 Sensors 325
- 8.2.4 Control Outputs 327
- (p. 329) 328
- 8.2.6 TIMs 329
- 8.2.7 Vibrating Wire 330
- 8.2.8 Low-level ac 330
- 8.3.1 Storage Media 330
- Table 76. CR1000 SRAM Memory 331
- 8.3.1.1 Data Storage 332
- (p.471) 337
- format. 337
- 8.3.2 Memory Conservation 339
- 8.3.3 Memory Reset 339
- 8.3.4 File Management 340
- 8.3.4.1 File Attributes 342
- 8.3.4.2 Data Preservation 343
- (p. 454) command 344
- (p. 345) 345
- (p. 456) or 345
- 8.3.5 File Names 347
- 8.3.6 File System Errors 347
- 8.3.7 Memory Q & A 348
- (p. 349) lists 349
- 8.4.2 Protocols 350
- 8.5 PakBus Overview 351
- for a table of available 352
- (p. 351) ): 353
- 8.5.4 PakBus Troubleshooting 355
- 8.5.4.2 Ping 356
- 8.5.4.3 Traffic Flow 356
- 8.5.6 PakBus LAN Example 357
- 8.5.6.2 LAN Setup 358
- 8.5.6.3 LoggerNet Setup 361
- (p. 362), set the 362
- 8.5.7 PakBus Encryption 363
- 8.6.1 DNP3 364
- (p.366), 365
- (p.366),line24. 365
- (p. 366), program the 366
- 8.6.2 Modbus 367
- 8.6.2.2 Terminology 368
- (p. 369) shows the 369
- 8.6.2.4 Troubleshooting 370
- 8.6.2.5 Modbus over IP 371
- 8.6.2.6 Modbus tidBytes 371
- 8.6.3 Web Service API 372
- 8.6.3.2 Command Syntax 373
- (p. 375) 374
- 8.6.3.3 Time Syntax 375
- 8.6.3.4 Data Management 375
- section 376
- (p. 375) section) 380
- (p. 375) for 380
- (p. 375) for format 380
- XML Response 382
- 8.6.3.5 Control 385
- 8.6.3.6 Clock Functions 387
- 8.6.3.7 Files Management 391
- (p. 77) Connect screen 392
- HTML page source: 396
- 8.7 Support Software 399
- 8.8.1 Data Display 402
- 8.8.1.2 Real-Time Custom 403
- Figure 121: Real-time custom 404
- 8.8.1.3 Final-Storage Tables 405
- 8.8.2 Run/Stop Program 406
- 8.8.3 File Display 407
- Figure 125: File: edit 408
- 8.8.5 Ports and Status 409
- 8.8.6 Settings 410
- 8.8.7 Configure Display 411
- Small program 2,600 1,113 413
- Large program 32,157 7,085 413
- (p. 77), the 414
- Section 9. Maintenance 417
- Manufacturer Tadiran 418
- Model TL-5902S (3.6 V) 418
- Capacity 1.2 Ah 418
- 9.3 Repair 420
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 423
- 10.3.1.1 CompileResults 424
- 10.3.1.2 SkippedScan 425
- 10.3.1.3 SkippedSlowScan 425
- 10.3.1.4 SkippedRecord 425
- 10.3.1.5 ProgErrors 426
- 10.3.1.6 MemoryFree 426
- 10.3.1.7 VarOutOfBounds 426
- 10.3.1.8 WatchdogErrors 426
- 10.3.4 NAN and ±INF 428
- 10.4 Communications 431
- 10.4.3 Comms Memory Errors 432
- 10.4.3.2 CommsMemFree(2) 433
- 10.4.3.3 CommsMemFree(3) 434
- 10.5 Power Supplies 435
- 10.5.3.1 Battery Test 436
- 12V terminal and a G 438
- OFF and allow 438
- (p. 3) 439
- 440
- Section 10. Troubleshooting 441
- 10.6 Terminal Emulator 442
- (p. 443) 443
- Section 11. Glossary 447
- (p.459) 448
- (p.450). 449
- (p.468). 450
- (p.567). 450
- (p.450) 451
- (p.77)andtheappendix 451
- (p.569). 451
- (p.470). 452
- (p. 77) 454
- (p.540). 456
- (p.166)and 457
- (p. 567) ) to 458
- (p.461). 459
- (p.92)software.Themost 460
- Battery(BattV) 461
- (p.471). 462
- (p.462). 462
- (p.77).TheSend 465
- (p.77).A 468
- (p.569).Software 468
- (p.447)). 468
- (p.464). 468
- 11.2 Concepts 471
- (p. 471) shows 472
- Instructions 473
- (p.166). 474
- A.2 Data-Table Declarations 475
- A.2.2 Data Destinations 476
- A.2.3.1 Single-Source 477
- A.2.3.2 Multiple-Source 478
- (p. 188) 479
- A.5 Measurement Instructions 483
- A.5.2 Voltage 484
- A.5.3 Thermocouples 484
- A.5.5 Excitation 485
- A.5.6 Pulse and Frequency 485
- A.5.7 Digital I/O 486
- A.5.8 SDI-12 487
- A.5.9 Specific Sensors 487
- (p.563). 492
- A.6.1 Mathematical Operators 493
- A.6.2 Arithmetic Operators 493
- A.6.3 Bitwise Operators 493
- (p. 494) 494
- A.6.5 Logical Operators 495
- A.6.6.1 Derived Functions 496
- A.6.6.2 Intrinsic Functions 496
- A.6.7 Arithmetic Functions 497
- A.6.8 Integrated Processing 499
- A.6.9 Spatial Processing 500
- A.6.10 Other Functions 501
- A.7 String Functions 502
- A.7.2 String Commands 503
- A.8 Clock Functions 505
- A.9 Voice-Modem Instructions 507
- A.11 Serial Input / Output 509
- Broadcast(ComPort, Message) 511
- A.13 Variable Management 514
- A.14 File Management 515
- A.16 Information Services 518
- A.17 Modem Control 521
- A.18 SCADA 521
- A.19 Calibration Functions 522
- A.20 Satellite Systems 523
- A.20.2 GOES 524
- A.20.3 OMNISAT 524
- A.21 User Defined Functions 525
- (p. 92) 527
- (p. 433) (see 528
- (p. 433) ) 528
- (p. 433) 535
- Table 122. CR1000 Settings 540
- C.2.1 Pin-Out 549
- C.2.2 Power States 550
- Connections* 551
- Appendix E. FP2 Data Format 557
- Products 559
- F.2 Sensor Input Modules 560
- F.3 Cameras 562
- F.4 Control Output Modules 563
- F.5 Dataloggers 563
- F.6 Power Supplies 564
- F.6.2 Batteries 565
- F.6.3 Battery Bases 565
- F.6.4 Regulators 565
- F.7 Enclosures 566
- F.8.1 Keyboard Display 567
- F.8.3 Ethernet Link Devices 567
- F.9 Data Storage Devices 568
- F.10.1 Starter Software 569
- F.10.2.1 LoggerNet Suite 570
- F.10.3 Software Tools 571
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